{"id":63014,"date":"2026-09-22T10:15:27","date_gmt":"2026-09-22T08:15:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eurotherm.eu\/?p=63014"},"modified":"2026-09-24T13:15:07","modified_gmt":"2026-09-24T11:15:07","slug":"defects-in-liquid-coating-causes-and-process-parameters-to-monitor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eurotherm.eu\/en\/defects-in-liquid-coating-causes-and-process-parameters-to-monitor\/","title":{"rendered":"Defects in Liquid Coating: Causes and Process Parameters to Monitor"},"content":{"rendered":"<section\n    class=\"content-block overflow-hidden margin-small\">\n\n    <div class=\"container-fluid\">\n        \n        <div class=\"row\">\n            <!-- Titolo -->\n            <div class=\"col-lg-12\">\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"row mt-3 align-items-center\">\n                                            <div class=\"col-lg-12\">\n                                            <div class=\"paragrafo-elenco text-dark\">\n                            <p>Ensuring a flawless application in industrial liquid coating is an essential technical requirement, upon which the corrosion resistance, the substrate\u2019s durability, and the finished product\u2019s aesthetic quality directly depend. A surface defect is never random; rather, it is a visible sign of a deviation in process parameters. Understanding the root causes of coating defects allows for timely intervention throughout the entire cycle\u2014from part preparation to control of the application environment and through the drying phase. Resolving liquid coating problems at their root is the only way to optimize line efficiency and reduce the scrap rate.   <\/p>\n                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n            \n                    <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section\n    class=\"content-block overflow-hidden margin-small\">\n\n    <div class=\"container-fluid\">\n        \n        <div class=\"row\">\n            <!-- Titolo -->\n            <div class=\"col-lg-12\">\n                                    <h2 class=\"bordered-title h4\" >\n                        The main types of defects and their origins                    <\/h2>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"row mt-3 align-items-center\">\n                                            <div class=\"col-lg-12\">\n                                            <div class=\"paragrafo-elenco text-dark\">\n                            <p>Ensuring flawless finish results requires the coordinated management of three key factors: substrate preparation, the work environment, and equipment settings. Among the most common <strong>defects in liquid painting<\/strong> are: <\/p>\n                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n            \n                    <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"margin-small\">\n  <div class=\"container-fluid\">\n        <div class=\"col-lg-12 col-xxl-10 my-5\">\n      <ul class=\"row list-unstyled\">\n                  <li class=\"col-12 mb-3\">\n            <div class=\"card d-flex flex-1 p-4 border-dark bg-white\">\n              <span class=\"text-primary bahnschrift\">01<\/span>\n              <p><strong>Sagging:<\/strong> This occurs when the applied film runs before it dries or forms a film. These are generally caused by excessively low paint viscosity, an incorrect dilution ratio, an excessive amount of product applied in a single coat, or incorrect spray gun settings. <\/p>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/li>\n                  <li class=\"col-12 mb-3\">\n            <div class=\"card d-flex flex-1 p-4 border-dark bg-white\">\n              <span class=\"text-primary bahnschrift\">02<\/span>\n              <p><strong>Craters and fisheye defects:<\/strong> These appear as circular depressions that expose the underlying layer or substrate. The main cause lies in the presence of contaminants with low surface tension on the substrate (such as oils, silicone, greases, or release agents) or in the compressed air used for atomization. <\/p>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/li>\n                  <li class=\"col-12 mb-3\">\n            <div class=\"card d-flex flex-1 p-4 border-dark bg-white\">\n              <span class=\"text-primary bahnschrift\">03<\/span>\n              <p><strong>Orange peel:<\/strong> gives the surface a grainy, rippled appearance. This phenomenon indicates a failure or incomplete spreading of the liquid film, caused by a mixture that is too viscous, too rapid evaporation of the solvent, incorrect atomization pressure, or a suboptimal distance between the spray gun and the workpiece. <\/p>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/li>\n                  <li class=\"col-12 mb-3\">\n            <div class=\"card d-flex flex-1 p-4 border-dark bg-white\">\n              <span class=\"text-primary bahnschrift\">04<\/span>\n              <p><strong>Bubbles and pinholes (popping and pinholes):<\/strong> These are micro-cavities or raised areas caused by solvents or air becoming trapped inside the film while the outer surface is already drying. This occurs when<em>flash-off<\/em> times are insufficient before entering the oven, or due to an excessively high temperature gradient during the early stages of curing. <\/p>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/li>\n                  <li class=\"col-12 mb-3\">\n            <div class=\"card d-flex flex-1 p-4 border-dark bg-white\">\n              <span class=\"text-primary bahnschrift\">05<\/span>\n              <p><strong>Tarnishing and blushing:<\/strong> These occur when the film loses its gloss or develops a milky film on its surface. This phenomenon is primarily linked to high relative humidity in the application environment or to the use of fast-evaporating solvents, which cool the surface and cause atmospheric moisture to condense on the still-wet film. <\/p>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/li>\n                  <li class=\"col-12 mb-3\">\n            <div class=\"card d-flex flex-1 p-4 border-dark bg-white\">\n              <span class=\"text-primary bahnschrift\">06<\/span>\n              <p><strong>Poor adhesion and delamination:<\/strong> These are the most serious issues, as they cause the coating to detach from the substrate or between the different applied coats. The causes almost always lie in inadequate chemical or mechanical pretreatment, the presence of oily residues on the surface, or failure to observe the recoating intervals. <\/p>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/li>\n              <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n\n      <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"bg-primary cta-block\">\n   <div class=\"container-fluid\">\n        <div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-lg-8 offset-lg-4\">    <div class=\"row align-items-start\">\n      <div class=\"col-lg-5\">\n        <div class=\"\">\n          <div class=\"text-white text-uppercase h1 xl\">\n            <p>Get in touch<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"col-lg-6 offset-lg-1\">\n                  <div class=\"h4 text-white\">\n            <p>Raise the quality standards of your finishing line by eliminating the variables that cause imperfections. Eurotherm\u2019s engineered systems ensure precise control of airflow, filtration, and thermo-hygrometric conditions, guaranteeing uniform, repeatable, and contamination-free coatings on every production batch. <\/p>\n          <\/div>\n                <div class=\"cta-link-toform\">\n          <a class=\"btn btn-light text-primary\" href=\"#get-in-touch\">\n            Request a consultation &raquo;\n          <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div><\/div>  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section\n    class=\"content-block overflow-hidden margin-small\">\n\n    <div class=\"container-fluid\">\n        \n        <div class=\"row\">\n            <!-- Titolo -->\n            <div class=\"col-lg-12\">\n                                    <h2 class=\"bordered-title h4\" >\n                        Strategies for effective prevention                    <\/h2>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"row mt-3 align-items-center\">\n                                            <div class=\"col-lg-12\">\n                                            <div class=\"paragrafo-elenco text-dark\">\n                            <p>Eliminating the occurrence of imperfections requires a comprehensive approach capable of controlling and stabilizing every single phase of the production cycle. Eurotherm\u2019s plant engineering solutions are designed specifically to eliminate operational fluctuations and ensure consistent quality standards in the finishing process. Preventive measures inevitably begin with surface pretreatment: targeted steps involving chemical degreasing, demineralized rinsing, and thorough drying create the ideal bonding base and eliminate all traces of organic contaminants or release agents.  <\/p>\n                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n            \n                            <div class=\"col-lg-12\">\n                    <div class=\"text-dark\">\n                        <p>When moving into the application area, strict microclimatic isolation of the work environment becomes a priority. Maintaining constant levels of temperature and relative humidity, combined with high-efficiency air filtration systems in the booth, helps stabilize the product\u2019s rheology and the evaporation rate of solvents, while eliminating the risk of contaminant particles settling on the still-wet film. This is complemented by the proper calibration of spray parameters: the paint\u2019s viscosity must be measured and adjusted according to environmental conditions, while the atomization air pressure and the spray gun\u2019s airflow rate must be regulated to ensure uniform atomization.  <\/p>\n<p>Finally, the flash-off phase and the subsequent passage through the drying ovens must follow gradual temperature profiles that are perfectly distributed throughout the cavity. This control prevents surface boiling of the solvents and ensures homogeneous cross-linking without internal stresses within the polymer matrix. <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section\n    class=\"content-block overflow-hidden margin-small\">\n\n    <div class=\"container-fluid\">\n        \n        <div class=\"row\">\n            <!-- Titolo -->\n            <div class=\"col-lg-12\">\n                                    <h2 class=\"bordered-title h4\" >\n                        Stability and operational control                    <\/h2>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"row mt-3 align-items-center\">\n                                            <div class=\"col-lg-12\">\n                                            <div class=\"paragrafo-elenco text-dark\">\n                            <p>Consistent coating quality can only be achieved by ensuring complete repeatability of operating conditions. Scheduling periodic maintenance on the vacuum systems and filtration units, along with constant monitoring of compressed air quality (using efficient dryers and oil separators), prevents unexpected variations in film deposition. <\/p>\n                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n            \n                            <div class=\"col-lg-12\">\n                    <div class=\"text-dark\">\n                        <p>Equally crucial is the adoption of systematic measurement protocols: monitoring the mixture\u2019s viscosity, measuring wet and dry film thicknesses, and tracking drying curves make it possible to detect even the slightest deviations before they lead to complaints. A reliable plant infrastructure combined with strict control of parameters is the only effective strategy for eliminating defects. <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"bg-primary cta-block\">\n   <div class=\"container-fluid\">\n        <div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-lg-8 offset-lg-4\">    <div class=\"row align-items-start\">\n      <div class=\"col-lg-5\">\n        <div class=\"\">\n          <div class=\"text-white text-uppercase h1 xl\">\n            <p>Get in touch<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"col-lg-6 offset-lg-1\">\n                  <div class=\"h4 text-white\">\n            <p>Don\u2019t let application errors compromise the quality of your products. The Eurotherm technical team analyzes the critical issues in your system to identify risk factors and prevent defects in liquid coating. Contact us to pinpoint the cause of the issue and restore a consistently excellent finish.  <\/p>\n          <\/div>\n                <div class=\"cta-link-toform\">\n          <a class=\"btn btn-light text-primary\" href=\"#get-in-touch\">\n            Request a consultation &raquo;\n          <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div><\/div>  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"content-block overflow-hidden mt-5\"><div class=\"container-fluid\"><div class=\"author-box-wrap\"><div class=\"wp-block-post-author\"><div class=\"wp-block-post-author__content\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-author__name\">Eurotherm Editorial Office<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"content-block overflow-hidden mb-3\"><div class=\"container-fluid\"><div class=\"author-box-wrap\"><div class=\"wp-block-post-author-biography\">The Eurotherm Editorial Office is responsible for drafting and publishing the company\u2019s technical and institutional content. It supervises all articles to ensure consistency, clarity, and continuous updates, working closely with the engineering and production departments. Each text is carefully reviewed to guarantee informational quality and provide added value to professional readers in the sector.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":63013,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[327],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63014","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-learning-center"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Defects in Liquid Coating: Causes and Solutions | Eurotherm<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sagging, craters, orange peel: Learn about the causes of defects in liquid paint finishes and strategies for preventing them and 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